Anxiety in dogs: when motor symptoms mimic neurological disorders. : An interdisciplinary case report

Abstract

Differential diagnosis of paroxysmal movement disorders in dogs can be a considerable challenge, as emotional states such as anxiety can manifest as motor symptoms that mimic neurological conditions like paroxysmal dyskinesias or focal seizures. This case report describes a 4-year-old male Shiba Inu referred for behavioral consultation due to recurrent "epileptiform" motor episodes triggered by specific environmental stressors, such as thunderstorms and power outages. While neurological and metabolic examinations were unremarkable, a behavioral assessment revealed paroxysmal anxiety, characterized by hypervigilance, autonomic activation, and excessive attention-seeking. A multimodal therapeutic approach was implemented, combining the administration of a nutraceutical containing alpha-casozepine and fish muscle hydrolysate (Zylkene Plus^©) with a cognitive-olfactory enrichment program and environmental management as part of a rehabilitation plan. Within 30 days, the caregivers reported an improvement in well-being and a substantial decrease of motor episodes. Sustained stability was observed during the follow-up period, including after gradual discontinuation of the nutraceutical therapy, alongside continued behavioral and environmental management. This case illustrates the potential value of interdisciplinary collaboration between veterinary neurologists and behavioral specialists in the assessment of paroxysmal motor episodes, to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective management of canine disorders.