Behavior and Genetic Variability of the Maremma-Abruzzese Sheepdog in a farm: a Case Study

Abstract

The Maremma-Abruzzese Sheepdog is a traditional Italian livestock guardian breed valued for its low predatory drive and strong territorial instincts. This study integrates behavioral and genetic perspectives through a case study conducted on a farm located in Viterbo province, Lazio (Italy). Ten animals were considered, on which field observations of pack structure, adolescent development, and human–dog interaction were conducted. Pedigree analysis was also performed to compute inbreeding coefficients and to analyse genetic variability. Results highlight the critical role of early imprinting, adult role modeling, and responsible breeding strategies in maintaining both behavioral suitability and genetic health. Although all the ten animals analyzed showed low levels of inbreeding (F < 0.15), the pedigree analysis revealed individuals with much higher coefficients, underlining the importance of genetic monitoring. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for integrated ethological and genetic management to ensure the long-term viability of this semi-feral guardian breed.